These two, now separated, strands are what act as the template for that replication to take place. So the way the DNA replicates is by separating back into two single strands. A segment of DNA that codes for the cell’s synthesis of a particular protein is called a gene. Sequencing of this bonding is very particular: The purine adenine bonds only with the pyrimidine thymine, and the pyrimidine cytosine only bonds with the purine guanine.īecause of this highly stable configuration of the DNA molecule, it allows the DNA molecule to act as a template for the replication of a new DNA molecule, but also for the transcription of the related RNA molecule. The strands are held together by a hydrogen bond between the bases. This bond forms a phosphate-sugar foundation from where the nitrogenous bases project. Nucleotides are bound together by covalent bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide. The bases consist of two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). The nucleotide of DNA is made up of a deoxyribose sugar molecule, or a five-carbon sugar molecule, and attached to this sugar molecule is a phosphate group along with one of four nitrogenous bases. Each strand is made up of a long chain of monomer nucleotides (nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA). The double helix consists of two DNA strands wound or twisted around each other in a sort of arrangement that looks like a spiraling staircase. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discerned the double helix structure of DNA. The way DNA is structured determines things like the hair length of a dog, the color of your eyes, facial structure, and even things like the effect of a virus on its host. DNA is what makes up the codes for genetic information of inherited traits to be transmitted. DNA is the organic chemical of complex molecular structure located in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as in many viruses. Hey there! Welcome to this Mometrix video on DNA.ĭNA is the initialism for deoxyribonucleic acid.
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